Introduction to Surveying

1.Total Station -Combines electronic theodolite and EDM for measuring angles and distances accurately.

2. Global Positioning System (GPS) -Uses satellite signals to determine precise locations and coordinates.

3. Digital Level -Electronic levelling device for fast and accurate height measurements.

4.Dumpy Level (Modern Version) -  Still used but enhanced with digital features.

5. Lasers Scanner-Captures 3D data of surfaces and environments quickly.

6. Drone (UAV) -Captures aerial imagery and data for mapping and topographic surveys.

7. GIS (Geographic Information System) -Used for analyzing spatial data and creating maps.

8. Robotic Total Station -Operated remotely tracks and measures without needing multiple operations.

These instruments increases efficiency, accuracy and speed in modern surveying.