3. Methods and Techniques

Surveying methods are techniques used to determine the positions, distances and elevations of points on the earth's surface.

Common methods include: 

1.Triangulation -Based on measuring angles in triangles.

2. Traversing -Involves measuring distances and angles in a connected line path.

3. Levelling -Determines height differences between points.

4. Tachymetry- Quick method using a theodolite for measuring distance and elevations.

5. GPS Surveying - Uses satellites for accurate positioning.

6. Photogrammetry - Uses photos (aerial or ground) for mapping.

These techniques helps in producing maps, setting boundaries and planning construction works.